@mathiasconradt thanks for your prompt reply.
When you say “disabling the Stripe connection itself” what do you mean by that? Stripe only available under the Custom Extensions, so I disabled there. …but maybe I forgot something along the way In my Stripe account I have no any connected accounts. I was not using Stripe Connect, I just used the API key and secrete key. (please note that my Stripe connection was not working properly, so I surely did not do all the necessary steps)
Under the social connections I have enabled Google and LinkedIn which are working as expected.