Capturing additional data from users in the sign up flow

What I’d like to achieve is to allow users to sign up in the normal way using a password or social login, then present them several questions to have them fill out a user profile.

I see that this can be achieved using a post-login redirect action. This is fine and I can send the user to a site where they can edit their profile information, but how does this data then get back to my database? Is it necessary to send the data back to the action, which then sends it to the database, or is there a better way?